Article by jekky
History George Beauchamp invented the electric guitar or some may call the lap steel guitar Initially electric guitars consisted primarily of hollow archtop acoustic guitar bodies to which electromagnetic transducers had been attached Early years Sketch of Rickenbacker frying pan lap steel guitar from 1934 patent application Electric guitars were originally designed by an assortment of luthiers electronics enthusiasts and instrument manufacturers in varying combinations Some of the earliest electric guitars then essentially adapted hollow bodied acoustic instruments used tungsten pickups and were manufactured in the 1930s by Rickenbacker In 1935 a Soviet scientist working separately from his western colleagues was known to have produced an electric Russian guitar called the Kuznetsov electromagnetic guitar It was exhibited at a technology expo in Moscow but its development was halted since the Stalin regime was hostile to guitar music citation needed At least one company Audiovox built and may have offered an electric solid body as early as the mid 1930s Rickenbacher later spelled Rickenbacker offered a cast aluminum electric guitar nicknamed The Frying Pan or The Pancake Guitar beginning in 1933 Another early solid body electric guitar was designed and built by musician and inventor Les Paul in the early 1940s working after hours in the Epiphone Guitar factory His log guitar so called because it consisted of a simple 4×4 wood post with a neck attached to it and homemade pickups and hardware with two detachable Swedish hollow body halves attached to the sides for appearance only was patented and is often considered to be the first of its kind although it shares nothing in design or hardware with the solid body Les Paul model sold by Gibson Fender Main article Fender Musical Instruments Corporation Sketch of Fender lap steel guitar from 1944 patent application In 1950 and 1951 electronics and instrument amplifier maker Leo Fender through his company designed the first commercially successful solid body electric guitar with a single magnetic pickup which was initially named the Esquire The two pickup version of the Esquire was called the Broadcaster The bolt on neck was consistent with Leo Fender s belief that the instrument design should be modular to allow cost effective and consistent manufacture and assembly as well as simple repair or replacement In 1954 Fender introduced the Fender Stratocaster or Strat It was positioned as a deluxe model and offered various product improvements and innovations over the Telecaster These innovations included an ash or alder double cutaway body design for badge assembly with an integrated vibrato mechanism called a synchronized tremolo by Fender thus beginning a confusion of the terms that still continues three single coil pickups and body comfort contours Leo Fender is also credited with developing the first commercially successful electric bass called the Fender Precision Bass introduced in 1951 Gibson Main article Gibson Guitar Corporation Gibson like many guitar manufacturers had long offered semi acoustic guitars with pickups and previously rejected Les Paul and his log electric in the 1940s In apparent response to the Telecaster Gibson introduced the first Gibson Les Paul solid body guitar in 1952 although Les Paul was actually brought in only towards the end of the design process for expert fine tuning of the nearly complete design and for marketing endorsement Features of the Les Paul include a solid mahogany body with a carved maple top much like a violin and earlier Gibson archtop hollow body electric guitars and contrasting edge binding two single coil soapbar pickups a 24 scale mahogany neck with a more traditional glued in set neck joint binding on the edges of the fretboard and a tilt back headstock with three machine heads tuners to a side The earliest models had a combination bridge and trapeze tailpiece design that was in fact designed by Les Paul himself but was largely disliked and discontinued after the first year Gibson then developed the Tune o matic bridge and separate stop tailpiece an adjustable non vibrato design that has endured By 1957 Gibson had made the final major change to the Les Paul as we know it today the humbucking pickup or humbucker The humbucker invented by Seth Lover was a dual coil pickup which featured two windings connected out of phase and reverse wound in order to cancel the 60 cycle hum associated with single coil pickups as a byproduct however it also produces a distinctive more mellow tone which appeals to many guitarists The more traditionally designed and styled Gibson solid body instruments were a contrast to Leo Fender s modular designs with the most notable differentiator being the method of neck attachment and the scale of the neck Gibson 24 75 Fender 25 5 Each design has its own merits To this day the basic design of many solid body electric guitar available today are derived from the original designs the Telecaster Stratocaster and the Les Paul Vox In 1962 Vox introduced the pentagonal Phantom guitar originally made in England but soon after made by EKO of Italy It was followed a year later by the teardrop shaped Mark VI the prototype of which was used by Brian Jones of The Rolling Stones Vox guitars also experimented with onboard effects and electronics The Teardrop won a price for its design In the mid 1960s as the sound of electric 12 string guitar became popular Vox introduced the Phantom XII and Mark XII electric 12 string guitars Vox produced many more traditional 6 and 12 string electric guitars in both England and Italy GuitarOrgan In 1966 Vox introduced the revolutionary but problematic GuitarOrgan a Phantom VI guitar with internal organ electronics The instrument s trigger mechanism required a specially wired plectrum that completed circuit connections to each fret resulting in a very wide and unwieldy neck John Lennon was given one in a bid to secure an endorsement though this never panned out According to Up Tight the Velvet Underground Story Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones also tried one when asked by the Velvets if it worked his answer was negative The instrument never became popular but it was a precursor to the modern guitar synthesizer Other guitars Also other materials than wood were used Travis Bean as well as Kremer built guitars with aluminium necks Danelectro used cardboard bodies Also plasic and carbon bodied guitars have been made in the past The Gittler guitar was a design guitar made in the 8os 1991 saw the introduction of guitar designer Jol Dantzig s first truly workable acoustic electric hybrid guitar design The instrument called the DuoTone was conceived while Dantzig was at Hamer Guitars Dantzig was also the designer of the first 12 string bass Adapted by players like Ty Tabor Stone Gossard Elvis Costello and Jeff Tweedy the DuoTone was a full duplex instrument that could switch between acoustic and electric tones Recently there have been many entries in the hybrid category capable of both acoustic and electric tones including the T5 by Taylor Michael Kelly s Hybrid the Parker Fly and the Anderson Crowdster In the 90s the band Neptune began building weird looking metal guitar with 3rd Bridge options incorporated A predecessor of this type of guitars is the Pencilina Linda Manzer designed the Pikasso guitar with multiple necks See also 3rd Bridge Guitar Experimental musical instrument Fender Broadcaster Fender Bullet Fender Cyclone Fender Duo Sonic Fender Electric XII Fender Jaguar Fender Jag Stang co created with Kurt Cobain Fender Jazzmaster Fender Contemporary Stratocaster Japan Fender Lead Series Fender Musicmaster Fender Mustang Fender Prodigy Fender Performer Fender Showmaster Fender Starcaster Fender Stratocaster Buddy Guy Polka Dot Stratocaster Eric Clapton Stratocaster Eric Johnson Stratocaster Hello Kitty Stratocaster Jeff Beck Stratocaster Jimmie Vaughan Tex Mex Stratocaster John Mayer Stratocaster Mark Knopfler Stratocaster Ritchie Blackmore Stratocaster Robert Cray Standard Stratocaster Stevie Ray Vaughan Signature Stratocaster Yngwie Malmsteen Stratocaster Fender Stratocaster XII Fat Strat Fender Telecaster Fender Telecaster Custom Fender Telecaster Deluxe Fender J5 Telecaster Squier Telecaster Fender Toronado Fender Swinger Fender Bronco Fender Custom Fender Katana References v 160 160 d 160 160 e Guitars Guitars by String Number Tenor guitar 160 Guitar 160 Seven String 160 Eight String 160 Nine String 160 Ten String 160 Eleven String 160 Twelve String Guitars by Type Archtop 160 Classical 160 Multi String Classical 160 Steel String Acoustic 160 Baroque 160 Russian 160 Resonator Dobro 160 Semi acoustic 160 Electric 160 Electric acoustic 160 Tailed bridge guitar 160 Rhythm guitar 160 Lead guitar 160 Acoustic Alternate Versions Alto guitar 160 Bass guitar 160 Baritone guitar 160 Double neck guitar 160 Harp guitar 160 Pikasso guitar 160 Chitarra battente 160 Bajo sexto 160 Requinto guitar Other related topics Luthier 160 Vintage guitar 160 Jazz guitar 160 Guitar chord 160 Guitar harmonics 160 Prepared guitar 160 3rd bridge 160 Electric Guitar Design 160 Guitar amplifier 160 History of the classical guitar Categories Electric guitars Industrial designHidden categories Articles needing additional references from January 2009 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007
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